Posts Tagged ‘recipes’
Mapping the route to improved public health?
http://www.foodsciencecentral.com/fsc/ixid16118
© IFIS Publishing 2011 – All Rights Reserved
Mapping the route to improved public health?
The contamination of poultry carcasses with Salmonella is a major health problem worldwide. As these bacteria are usually present as a diverse population, detailed mapping of Salmonella contamination on the young chicken carcass could help improve poultry inspection and food safety.
A method for mapping the incidence and number of antibiotic resistant strains of Salmonella on the chicken carcass has been developed, in which the bacteria are enumerated as a function of detection time during whole-part incubations. However, this method is limited by its specificity to Salmonella that are resistant to chloramphenicol, tetracycline, ampicillin and streptomycin. Information is therefore needed on the antibiotic resistance of resident Salmonella in the poultry carcass.
Only one isolate of Salmonella is typically characterized for each whole carcass sample. There is also a lack of information on the potential diversity of Salmonella subtypes on individual carcasses. Sampling methods such as swabbing, sponging and whole-carcass rinse are not capable of detecting all forms of Salmonella, resulting in inaccurate maps and risk assessment. Although more labour-intensive, carrying out whole-carcass incubation with parts, and then subtyping multiple isolates for each carcass, may have potential for identifying contamination and critical control points for reducing the levels of pathogens on the poultry carcass.
A study by Oscar et al.1 developed a qualitative map of the distribution of Salmonella on the young chicken carcass and characterized the diversity of subtypes within individual carcasses. The antibiotic resistance of resident Salmonella was also determined. Carcasses were sectioned into 12 parts and the obtained isolates were characterized by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. The most common serotype was Typhimurium, with most isolates resistant to multiple antibiotics. There was a diverse pattern of Salmonella contamination on the carcasses, with multiple subtypes often present. Poultry carcass mapping could have great potential for improving poultry inspection and safety, especially by improving process hygiene through critical control points.
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1 Oscar, TP; Rutto, GK; Ludwig, JB; Parveen, S (2010). Qualitative map of Salmonella contamination on young chicken carcasses. Journal of Food Protection 73 (9) 1596–1603.
Click on the logo below to view an abstract of this paper from FSTA Direct.
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Melamine analysis – which technique is best?
http://www.foodsciencecentral.com/fsc/ixid16120
© IFIS Publishing 2011 – All Rights Reserved
Melamine analysis – which technique is best?
Melamine (2,4,6-triamino-1,3,5-triazine) is mainly used in the synthesis of melamine formaldehyde resins. It has also been intentionally added to wheat gluten and other cereal-based ingredients in pet foods to economically increase the apparent protein content. However, concerns have arisen over melamine content of milk following recent cases of melamine-tainted infant formula in China.
The presence of melamine in food can arise from a number of different sources apart from adulteration. These include the breakdown of the pesticide cyromazine and migration from approved packaging materials. Melamine in cow’s milk may be due to melamine-contaminated ingredients, such as concentrate pellets, used for animal feeds. There is therefore a need for analytical methods to detect and quantify melamine in milk.
ELISA is a simple and cost-effective tool for controlling potential contamination of cow’s milk, while HPLC-UV provides accurate quantitative data, suitable for demonstrating compliance. Confirmatory methods for cow’s milk analysis are generally based on MS techniques such as GC-single quadrupole MS and LC-triple quadrupole MS/MS.
A study by Lutter et al.1, investigated the use of 2 screening and 2 confirmatory methods for determining melamine in cow’s milk and milk-based powdered infant formula. The performance and validated data are presented for ELISA, HPLC-UV, GC-MS and LC-MS/MS. Results are compared and discussed in relation to internal and European proficiency tests.
GC-MS improved the selectivity and allowed quantitative determination and confirmation of melamine residues in the infant formula. The highest selectivity and reliability was obtained with LC-MS/MS.
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1 Lutter, P; Savoy-Perroud, M-C; Campos-Gimenez, E; Meyer, L; Goldmann, T; Bertholet, M-C; Mottier, P; Desmarchelier, A; Monard, F; Perrin, C; Robert, F; Delatour, T (2011). Screening and confirmatory methods for the determination of melamine in cow’s milk and milk-based powdered infant formula: validation and proficiency tests of ELISA, HPLC-UV, GC-MS and LC-MS/MS. Food Control 22 903-913.
To see an abstract of this paper from FSTA Direct click on the logo below.
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Boar meat taint detection with a sting in the tail
http://www.foodsciencecentral.com/fsc/ixid16121
© IFIS Publishing 2011 – All Rights Reserved
Boar meat taint detection with a sting in the tail
Boar taint is a distinctive and unpleasant defect of pork from uncastrated male pigs that is a significant problem for the pig industry. The off-flavour is associated with skatole, androstenone and, to a lesser extent, indole. Consumers often have a strong aversion to meat exhibiting boar taint.
The majority of male piglets in Europe intended for pork production are surgically castrated. However, animal welfare concerns and resulting legal action mean that surgical castration could be banned in some countries or even across the EU. As there are currently no alternative approaches available to entirely eliminate meat with boar taint, reliable detection methods are needed to discriminate tainted carcasses at the slaughterhouse.
Several techniques have emerged with potential for boar taint detection. These include chemical sensor arrays (electronic noses), MS fingerprinting, ultrafast GC, gas-phase spectrometry and biosensors. However, all have limitations to their use. Invertebrate parasitoid species may provide good biological alternatives to chemical detection and can exhibit distinct behavioural responses and broad receptor sensitivity as biosensors. A portable “wasp hound” utilising Microplitis croceipes has been developed that contains several conditioned insects for the potential detection of boar taint compounds.
A study by Wackers et al.1, investigated the effectiveness and reliability of this wasp hound, using a cohort of trained wasps, to detect the boar taint aroma compounds skatole, andrestenone and indole. Ability of the wasps to detect the individual compounds and their mixtures was evaluated together with concentrations that the wasps were able to learn and report.
Wasps could successfully identify skatole and indole, and detect them in a 1:1:1 mixture, both as a single wasp bioassay and using the wasp hound device. However, they showed a weak conditioned response to androstenone. Use of these wasps as biosensors may have potential for the detection of boar taint.
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1 Wackers, F; Olson, D; Rains, G; Luundby, F; Haugen, J-E (2011). Boar taint detection using parasitoid biosensors. Journal of Food Science 76 (1) 541-547.
To see an abstract of this paper from FSTA Direct click on the logo below.
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The perfect cuppa
http://www.foodsciencecentral.com/fsc/ixid16122
© IFIS Publishing 2011 – All Rights Reserved
The perfect cuppa
Tea is one of the most widely consumed beverages worldwide and is readily available even in developing countries. Green tea in particular is associated with health benefits, mainly due to the presence of flavanols. It is known to have positive preventative effects against coronary heart diseases, cancer, neurological conditions such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases and metabolic syndrome.
The main flavanols in green tea are epicatachin, epicatechin gallate, epigallocatechin and epigallocatechin gallate. However, concentrations of flavanols in a cup of tea can vary considerably and studies have suggested a diffusion mechanism for these compounds in green and black tea. Flavanol concentration appears to increase with smaller tea particles, longer steeping time, higher temperature and higher tea leaf amounts per volume of water.
Tea brewing varies widely throughout the world, with multiple extraction being preferred in the Far East and Asia, while in the Western world a single extraction is common. Tea is often consumed with lemon and other additives, which may influence flavanol concentration and their bioavailability. The addition of lemon juice or vitamin C may also affect flavanol extraction during consumption.
A study by Zimmermann and Gleichenhagen1, investigated the influence of steeping time (3-7 minutes), temperature (70-100oC), low pH (3 and 4.8), and addition of ascorbic acid and citric acid on flavanol extraction from green tea. A single extraction was evaluated and levels of epicatachin, epicatechin gallate, epigallocatechin and epigallocatechin gallate were determined. Flavanol content varied significantly, depending on steeping time and temperature. Lowering the pH also increased the concentration of flavanols.
Two mechanisms are proposed for the diffusion of flavanols from the leaf into the aqueous phase and for their structural alteration. To maximise flavanol consumption, it is recommended that the tea is made with boiling water, steeped for approxiately 7 minutes and lemon juice added during steeping.
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1 Zimmermann, BF; Gleichenhagen, M (2011). The effect of ascorbic acid, citric acid and low pH on the extraction of green tea: how to get most out of it. Food Chemistry 124 1543-1548.
To see an abstract of this paper from FSTA Direct click on the logo below.
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A juicy way to protect against atherosclerosis
http://www.foodsciencecentral.com/fsc/ixid16119
© IFIS Publishing 2011 – All Rights Reserved
A juicy way to protect against atherosclerosis
Oxidative stress is known to contribute to the development and progression of atherosclerosis. Early signs of the disease include macrophage cholesterol accumulation and foam cell formation, which can result from increased uptake of oxidised low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and/or a reduced rate of high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-mediated cholesterol efflux from cells.
Dietary polyphenols, such as those present in some beverages, exhibit potent antioxidant and cardioprotective activity. Studies have shown that consumption of grape juice, red wine, blackcurrant and pomegranate juice can increase serum antioxidant potential, exert hypolipidaemic and anti-inflammatory effects, inhibit LDL oxidation and decrease monocyte migration. Wonderful-variety pomegranate juice (WPJ) was also found to protect atherosclerotic patients from further development of the disease.
The effects of these beverages have been mainly followed over relatively long periods of consumption. However, there are fewer studies on the acute effects of beverage consumption on serum oxidative stress and atherogenicity. It is also thought that differences in the anti-atherogenic properties of various berry and fruit juices could be related both to the quantity and quality of their polyphenols.
A study by Rosenblat et al.1 investigated the antioxidative effects of various polyphenolic-rich beverages in vitro and the effects of short-term consumption of beverages on serum anti-atherogenic properties. Healthy subjects consumed pomegranate (WPJ), grape, black cherry, blackcurrant, blueberry and yumberry juices, superfruit juice blends, green tea and red wine for 2 hours or daily for up to 1 week. All of these polyphenol-rich beverages exhibited antioxidant and anti-atherogenic effects, even over a short period of consumption. Both 100% WPJ pomegranate and 100% blackcurrant juices had the most potent antioxidant activities in vitro.
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1 Rosenblat, M; Volkova, N; Attias, J; Mahamid, R; Aviram, M (2010). Consumption of polyphenolic-rich beverages (mostly pomegranate and black currant juices) by healthy subjects for a short term increased serum antioxidant status, and the serum’s ability to attenuate macrophage cholesterol accumulation. Food & Function 1 (1) 99–109.
Click on the logo below to view an abstract of this paper from FSTA Direct.
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Sausage Stuffed Turkey Breast
Sausage Stuffed Turkey Breast

Stuffed with a filling of sausage, onions, and dried cranberries, this dish is a nice alternative to roasting a whole turkey. I personally prefer turkey white meat over brown, so stuffing a turkey breast is always my first choice unless I am serving a large group of guests. Although it isn’t too difficult to remove the bone and butterfly the turkey breast yourself, you can always ask your butcher to debone and butterfly it for you.

Buon Appetito!
Deborah Mele 2011
Sausage Stuffed Turkey Breast
Yield: Serves 4 – 6
Prep Time: 20 mins
Cook Time: 1 hr 30 mins
A nice alternative to roasting a whole turkey.
Ingredients:
1 (4 Pound) Turkey Breast, Bone Removed & Butterflied
2 Tablespoons Olive Oil
1 Small Onion, Peeled & Diced
2 Cloves Garlic, Peeled & Minced
3/4 Pound Sweet Italian Sausages
1/2 Cup Dried Cranberries
1 Teaspoons Crushed Fennel Seeds
1 Cup Chicken Broth
1 Cup White Wine
2 Tablespoons FlourDirections:
Heat the olive oil in a frying pan and cook the onions until tender.
Add the garlic, and cook another minute or two, then remove the onion mixture to a bowl.
Remove the sausage meat from the casings, and crumble it into the bowl with the onions.
Add the fennel seeds and dried cranberries to the sausage mixture and season with salt and pepper.
Preheat the oven to 375 degrees F.
Open the butterflied breast and pound it with a meat mallet until it is an equal thickness throughout.
Spread the sausage mixture over the breast, leaving a 1 1/2 inch border.
Roll up tightly and tie with kitchen twine.
Place the breast in a small roasting pan, with half the wine and chicken broth.
Cook the breast, basting every 15 minutes with wine mixture until the turkey breast reaches an internal temperature of 150 degrees F, about 1 hour and 20 minutes.
Remove the breast from the oven, place on a platter, and cover with foil.
Take the pan from the oven and drain off any excess oil.
Place the oven over a burner and add the remaining wine mixture and scrape up the browned bits from the bottom of the pan.
Remove a few spoonfuls of the liquid and mix it together with the flour in a small bowl until smooth.
Whisk the flour mixture into the liquid in the pan and stir until thickened.
Season the sauce with salt and pepper and strain through a sieve.
Cut the twine off the turkey breast and cut into 1/2 inch slices.
Serve, offering a little sauce.
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Welcome To The New Italian Food Forever!

Having had an Italian recipe blog online for almost 10 years now, has meant that both I personally, and Italian Food Forever have gone through a number of changes over the years, and after three years with the same old look, I decided it was time for one more. Italian Food Forever has had facelift, and I am very pleased to unveil our new look! As well as a cleaner look, I wanted a more functional blog that would be easier for me to work with, and easier for my blog visitors to navigate, so decided I needed to make the switch from Joomla to WordPress with lots of help from some very talented people.
The amazing Lindsay of Pur Designs did all the initial logo and blog design work, and incorporated gorgeous watercolors I commissioned from Etsy artist Laura Herron into the design for me. Laura did the farmhouse with sunflower image above, as well as the two sunflower images in the header. Lindsay was wonderful to work with and seemed to know exactly what I needed after asking just a few questions. I’d highly recommend her work! After Lindsay handed over the new blog, it took almost six long weeks of work on my part loading recipes, blog posts and other content. As well as what I was doing, I also had lots of help from Mark W. Law who has been overseeing Italian Food Forever along with his wife Lori since it was first launched almost 10 years ago. Mark made all the many tweaks on the new blog to get everything just the way I wanted it (and I tend to be very picky!), and I am really thrilled with how everything turned out. Thanks so much Lindsay, Laura, and Mark for all your help!
You may ask what improvements we’ve made on the new blog, and I assure you there are many!
The recipes are now easier to find by using the Recipe Category Page, search by ingredient, or by using the basic blog search function. For categories that contained many recipes, the category is broken down again into subcatories to make it easier to find the perfect recipe you are looking for. The recipes have now all been formatted according to Google restrictions, (lots of work!) so are now easier to follow, and all will print out without images. Soon, we hope to be partnering with Ziplist and will allow IFF guests to save their favorite recipes in their own personalized recipe box. Presently, no recipes were posted without an image, although I will be going through the older recipes and taking photos of those I feel are too good not to be included.
The recipes are now in a separate category from blog posts, and the blog posts have been separated into two separate formats; those focusing on featured ingredients and cooking techniques you’ll find in the Mangia Bene Blog , while the blog posts relating to our time spent every year in Umbria can be found under Life In Italy.
Under Kitchen Resources, you’ll find handy substitution and conversion charts, a glossary of Italian ingredients, my cookbook reviews, and a list of my favorite Italian and food blogs.
Under Italian Resources, you’ll find all those related links I had on the old blog including Italian online products, ceramics, plus some cultural and wine links.
I have also switched newsletter delivery services and am now using FeedBlitz. I feel this service will be much easier for folks to sign up for the IFF newsletter, and it will be sent out automatically by email once a week and include any new recipes or blog posts from that week. It is a great way to keep up with what’s new on IFF, and much easier on me as well, leaving me more time for recipe development. Although I have done my best to import all the newsletter subscribers over to FeedBlitz, if you are worried you may miss a mailing, simply add your name to subscribe in the box found at the top right side of every page.
I hope you like the new Italian Food Forever as much as I do, and now that the work behind getting the blog in order has been completed, I can once again spend my time in the kitchen developing new recipes to post!
Deborah Mele
November 2011
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Chicken Liver Spread
Chicken Liver Spread

I like to have a number of easy options available over the hoidays for guests who we invite over for a glass of holiday cheer, and find spreads and dips work perfectly. The method used to cook this liver pate, or mousse, creates a very creamy texture that is perfect for spreading onto slices of toasted bread or whole grain crackers. The spread has just a subtle liver flavor that is delicious when brandy and spices are added in, and is very similar to some liver spreads I’ve enjoyed while in Tuscany. I actually tripled my recipe when I made it, and made three separate crocks so I could freeze two to enjoy over the Christmas holidays. This delicious spread would also be a great hostess gift along with a bag of artisan seeded crackers.
Buon Appetito!
Deborah Mele 2011
Creamy Tuscan Chicken Liver Spread
Yield: Serves 6 – 8
Prep Time: 15 mins
Cook Time: 50 mins
Baking the spread in the oven as you would a custard creates a very creamy texture.
Ingredients:
3 Tablespoons Chopped Onion
2 Cloves Garlic, Peeled & Minced
2 Tablespoons Olive Oil
1/2 Cup Brandy
6 Ounces Trimmed Chicken Livers
5 Large Egg Yolks
1 Cup Whole Milk
1/4 Teaspoon Flour
1/2 Teaspoon Grted Nutmeg
1/4 Teaspoon Ground Allspice
Salt & Pepper
Topping: (Optional)
6 Tablespoons Butter
2 Fresh Bay LeavesDirections:
Preheat oven to 350 degrees F.
Heat the olive oil in a skillet, and cook the onions until lightly golden brown, then add the garlic and cook another minute or two.
Remove from the heat and add the brandy and then return to the heat and cook until the brandy has reduced by half.
Place the onion mixture in a food processor along with the chicken livers and egg yolks and blend until smooth.
Add the milk, flour, nutmeg, allspice, salt and pepper and blend until well mixed.
Pour the mixture into a crock large enough to hold it all, and then place the crock in a larger oven-proof pan filled halfway up the sides of the crock with water.
Bake until the spread has set when a knife inserted into the center comes out clean, about 50 to 55 minutes.
Remove from the water bath, and cool to room temperature.
If making the topping, melt the butter in a small pan over low heat then let sit 5 minutes.
Arrange the bay leaves onto the spread, and then spoon the clarified butter on top.
Refrigerate the spread at least one hour before serving although it can be made up to 5 days in advance.
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Cranberry Walnuts Squares
Cranberry Walnuts Squares

After Thanksgiving every year I always end up with extra fresh cranberries. I am not sure why I buy so many, whether I am worried they may disappear from the stores before I have my fill of fresh cranberries, or if I simply think we really need a double batch of cranberry sauce every year. Whatever the reason, I had two extra bags of fresh cranberries leftover yet again this year after Thanksgiving so I decided to use some of them in this simple bar cookie to freeze for the upcoming Christmas holidays.
The bottom crust for these cookies is a buttery shortbread type, and you simply use some of the dough used for the bottom crust as the crumb topping after mixing it with chopped walnuts. Because of the tartness of the cranberries, these cookies are not too sweet so would be great anytime of the day as a snack.

Buon Appetito!
Deborah Mele 2011
Cranberry Walnut Squares
Yield: Makes 24 Squares
Prep Time: 20 mins
Cook Time: 25 mins
A buttery cookie with a tart cranberry and apple filling.
Ingredients:
For The Bottom & Top:
1 Cup Walnuts
1/2 Cup Sugar
2 1/2 Cups Flour
1/2 Teaspoon Baking Powder
1/2 Teaspoon Salt
1 Cup (8 Ounces) Cold, Unsalted Butter, Cut Into Small Pieces
1 Large Egg, Beaten
Filling:
3 Cups Fresh Cranberries
1 Cup Grated Fresh Apple
3/4 Cup Sugar
1/3 Cup Maple Syrup
1 Teaspoon Cinnamon
Dash of SaltDirections:
Preheat the oven to 350 degrees F.
For the crust, first line a 13 X 9 inch baking pan with aluminum foil leaving a 2 inch overhang, and spray well with cooking spray.
In a food processor, grind 1/2 of the walnuts until finely ground, and then add the flour, baking powder and salt.
Pulse to mix, and then add the butter and pulse until the mixture is the size of peas.
Remove 1 cup of the mixture to a separate bowl, then add the egg to the food processor and pulse until the dough comes together.
Place the dough from the food processor into your prepared pan, and press well to cover the bottom.
Pierce the crust with a fork to prevent it rising, and then bake until the crust just begins to color and feels set to the touch, about 15 minutes.
Remove from the oven and cool.
For the filling, in a saucepan add all of the filling ingredients and bring to a boil.
Reduce the heat, and cook over medium low heat stirring often until the mixture has thickened, about 10 minutes.
Spoon the filling mixture over the bottom crust and spread evenly.
For the top, first chop the remaining walnuts and add these to the reserved crust mixture.
Use your fingers to rub the mixture until it begins to clump together.
Sprinkle the topping over the cranberry filling, breaking it small pieces as you do so.
Bake until the squares are golden, about 20 to 25 minutes.
Cool, then using the foil overhang remove from the pan and cut into 2 dozen squares.Recipe adapted from Fine Cooking.
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Rosemary Butter Cookies
Rosemary Butter Cookies

When it comes to cookies, everyone in my family has their own personal favorites, but I personally prefer simpler cookies such as these butter cookies. I make a number of variations of these cookies during the holidays, some with finely chopped nuts, some decorated with icing, and others just left plain and cut into different shapes. These cookies I flavored with finely chopped rosemary which really adds a nice flavor. These cookies could be served with a morning cappuccino or even with a glass of red wine after dinner. The cookies keep for 2 weeks in an airtight container, or frozen, will keep up to a month.
You can make these cookies in a number of different ways, either pressing the dough into a 9 inch cake pan, baking the cookies, and then cutting the cookies into wedges while still warm, or by rolling the dough out as I did, and using a cookie cutter to cut out individual shapes. You can also decorate the tops of the cookies with a few leaves of the fresh rosemary before baking, but since I will be serving my cookies at Christmas to children who do not care for “green things” in their food, I simply decorated the cookies with rosemary for the photos.


Buon Appetito!
Deborah Mele 2011
Rosemary Butter Cookies
Yield: 2 Dozen Cookies
Prep Time: 25 mins for small cookies + extra time for wedges
Cook Time: 25 mins
These cookies are tender and slightly sweet with a subtle flavor of rosemary.
Ingredients:
1 Cup Unsalted Butter At Room Temperature
1/2 Cup Sugar
1 Teaspoon Vanilla Extract
1/2 Teaspoon Salt
1 3/4 Cups All-purpose Flour
2 Tablespoons Finely Chopped RosemaryDirections:
Preheat oven to 300 degrees F. In a bowl, beat together the butter and sugar until light and fluffy.
Add the vanilla and blend, and continue beating for 3 to 4 more minutes.
Add the salt, chopped rosemary, and flour, and mix just until combined.
Either divide the dough into two pieces and press each half into 2 (9 inch) cake pans, or roll the dough out onto a lightly floured surface to a thickness of 1/2 inch and then cut into shapes using cookie cutters.
Place the cut cookies onto parchment covered baking sheets, and bake for about 25 minutes, or just until the cookies begin to brown on the bottom.
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